According to NICE ( 12, 13) pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments are both possible interventions. Psychotherapeutic treatment of adult ADHD is considered as part of a comprehensive multimodal therapy program which is based on pharmacological treatment. Finally, it is important to mention that for an ADHD diagnosis in adults functional impairment in domains of life is required and psychotherapy may be decisive in the management of the mentioned functional impairment ( 19). In a national representative sample of workers in the USA a total of 4.2% suffer from ADHD which results in 35 days of annual lost work performance ( 18). ADHD is also a common and costly condition affecting performance at work. They also express difficulties in housekeeping and managing their children ( 17). Many adults with ADHD display frequent changes in employment, academic underachievement, poor planning abilities, messiness, dangerous driving, and instable relationships or tend to social isolation and engagement in leisure activities that are highly absorbing or stimulating and hazardous ( 16). Across the life span, the social and societal costs of untreated ADHD are considerable. According to guidelines ( 11– 13) psychopharmacological treatment is the first line treatment in adult ADHD, but a multimodal approach is generally recommended, involving educational aspects about the disorder and psychotherapy addressing concomitant problems ( 12– 14).ĪDHD is a multi-factorial disorder that is associated with a tremendous financial burden, increased stress to families, and adverse academic and vocational outcomes ( 15). These symptoms have often a substantial impact on daily functioning leading to severe impairment in different domains of life ( 9, 10). The disorder is characterized by the core symptoms inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity ( 5– 7), and additional symptoms such as emotional dysregulation. With a worldwide prevalence between 2.5 and 4.4% ( 2– 4) ADHD is a frequent disorder in adulthood. Individual standardized ADHD specific CBT program was not able to outperform SCM.Īttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) beginning in childhood has been accepted to persist in ~50% of cases into adulthood ( 1). This result was the same for the single ADHD symptoms-inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional symptoms-and also for impairment. ADHD symptoms differed statistically during time but not between the two different treatment conditions. Afterwards both groups underwent treatment for about 10–12 weeks, the experimental group receiving sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) whereas the control group only received medication and standard clinical management (SCM). After initiation and stabilization of treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) in all subjects randomization to the two different treatment conditions was done. ![]() In a randomized controlled study, the efficacy of a combined treatment of psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy is compared to pharmacological intervention alone. ![]() The aim of the present study was to analyze the contribution of psychotherapy to the treatment of adult ADHD patients. The natural course of the disorder seems to justify additional psychological interventions because even in patients who are highly compliant to pharmacotherapy full remission is not always achieved. ![]() In the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) the importance of psychological interventions in combination with pharmacotherapy is widely accepted in contemporary clinical routine.
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